小电阻接地系统高阻接地故障检测技术综述

李景丽; 袁豪; 徐铭铭; 田凤兰

李景丽,袁豪,徐铭铭,田凤兰.小电阻接地系统高阻接地故障检测技术综述[J].电测与仪表,2023,60(6):10-18.
Li Jingli,Yuan Hao,Xu Mingming,Tian Fenglan.Overview of High Impedance Fault Detection Technology in Small Resistance Grounding System[J].Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation,2023,60(6):10-18.

小电阻接地系统高阻接地故障检测技术综述

Overview of High Impedance Fault Detection Technology in Small Resistance Grounding System

DOI：10.19753/j.issn1001-1390.2023.06.003

中文关键词: 小电阻接地系统高阻接地故障电弧模型故障检测零序电流

英文关键词:small resistance grounding system, high impedance fault, arc model, fault detection, zero-sequence current

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（51307152）

作者中文名	作者英文名	单位
李景丽	Li Jingli	郑州大学电气工程学院
袁豪	Yuan Hao	郑州大学电气工程学院
徐铭铭	Xu Mingming	国网河南电力公司电力科学研究院
田凤兰	Tian Fenglan	国网河南电力公司郑州供电公司

摘要点击次数: 1888

中文摘要:

小电阻接地系统发生高阻接地故障时电流小于传统的零序电流保护动作阈值，并且时常伴随有电弧的发生，难以准确检测与切除高阻接地故障。文章首先基于零序等效网络分析了小电阻接地系统单相高阻接地故障时母线零序电压理论特性和各出线零序电流特征；然后针对高阻接地故障常伴随发生的电弧现象，从故障点燃弧的物理过程出发，详尽分析了常用的Cassie电弧模型、Mayr电弧模型、改进的Mayr电弧模型、Mayr-Cassie组合电弧模型和Emanuel电路模型等六种电弧模型的物理近似过程、数值推导过程、试验验证及适用条件；最后，分别从时域的伏安特性分析法和零序电流畸变法、频域的故障电流信号法和故障电压信号法出发，分析了高阻接地故障检测方法中的信号处理过程、故障特征提取方法、检测方法的优点与不足；并认为采用零序电流波形在过零点附近畸变引起的波形斜率曲线变化作为故障特征具有明确的数学与物理意义，采用零序电压信号经小波包分解后高频段与低频段能量比作为故障特征，基本不受故障条件、系统结构等因素的影响，具有较好的检测效果。

英文摘要:

When high impedance fault occurs in a small resistance grounding system, the current is less than the traditional zero-sequence current protection action threshold, and arcs are often accompanied.It is difficult to accurately detect and remove high impedance faults. In this paper, firstly, the characteristics of bus zero sequence voltage and each outlet zero sequence current in single-phase high impedance fault of small resistance grounding system are analyzed theoretically; Then, for the arc phenomenon that often accompanies high impedance faults, starting from the physical process of fault ignition arc, the physical approximation process, numerical derivation process, experimental verification and applicable conditions of six arc models, such as the commonly used Cassie arc model, Mayr arc model, improved Mayr arc model, Mayr-Cassie combined arc model and Emanuel circuit model, are analyzed in detail. Finally, the signal processing process, fault feature extraction, advantages and disadvantages of detection methods in the high impedance grounding fault detection method are analyzed，from the volt-ampere characteristic analysis method and the zero-sequence current distortion method in the time domain and the fault current signal method and the fault voltage signal method in the frequency domain. And it is considered that it has clear mathematical and physical significance to use the waveform slope curve change which is caused by the zero-sequence current waveform’s distortion near the zero-crossing point as the fault feature. The energy ratio of high frequency band and low frequency band of zero-sequence voltage signal that is decomposed by the wavelet packet and is used as the fault feature, which is not affected by the fault conditions, system structure and other factors, and has a good detection effect.

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