智能电能表表前工频阻抗异常辨识方法及适用性分析研究

林华; 詹文; 高琛; 高伟

林华,詹文,高琛,高伟.智能电能表表前工频阻抗异常辨识方法及适用性分析研究[J].电测与仪表,2026,63(4):191-200.
Lin Hua,Zhan Wen,Gao Chen,GAO Wei.Research on identification methods and applicability analysis of power frequency impedance anomalies in front of smart electricity meters[J].Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation,2026,63(4):191-200.

智能电能表表前工频阻抗异常辨识方法及适用性分析研究

Research on identification methods and applicability analysis of power frequency impedance anomalies in front of smart electricity meters

DOI：10.19753/j.issn1001-1390.2026.04.020

中文关键词: 智能电表工频阻抗异常阻抗辨识回路阻抗法阻抗参数估计法邻表电压阻抗法

英文关键词:Smart meters, power frequency impedance, abnormal impedance identification, loop impedance approximation method, impedance prediction method, neighbor meter voltage impedance method.

基金项目:国网福建省电力有限公司科技项目（基于大数据算法的低压故障精准预警和主动运维研究（52130X230002））

作者中文名	作者英文名	单位
林华	Lin Hua	国网福建省电力有限公司营销服务中心
詹文	Zhan Wen	国网福建省电力有限公司
高琛	Gao Chen	国网福建省电力有限公司
高伟	GAO Wei	国网信通亿力科技有限责任公司

摘要点击次数: 5

中文摘要:

为更加精准地捕捉低压线路智能电表表前工频阻抗异常的状况，有必要对现有辨识方法的可行性和适应性进行深入分析。首先，本文基于低压配电网单相回路阻抗模型，阐述了回路阻抗法、阻抗参数估计法以及邻表电压阻抗法的计算原理和实现步骤。然后，搭建一个单相多用户用电实验平台，收集表前线路（开关）处于不同状态下的电表电压、电流数据集。最后，根据实验数据和台区电表实测数据分别评估了三种辨识方法可行性和适应性。研究表明，回路阻抗法只适用于系统回路阻抗比较小的系统，要求两个测量时刻下游表计的负荷不要变化，对数据要求较为苛刻；阻抗参数估计法不受系统阻抗影响，其辨识结果依赖于自身负荷大小和变化形态，且估计值与实际值偏差较大；邻表电压阻抗法简单易行，适用范围广，对数据集要求不高且误判率低，但只适用于多表位电表场景。

英文摘要:

To accurately detect abnormal conditions of the power frequency impedance in front of smart meters on low-voltage lines, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth analysis of the feasibility and adaptability of existing identification methods. Firstly, based on the single-phase loop impedance model of the low-voltage distribution network, this paper elaborates on the calculation principles and implementation steps of the loop impedance method, impedance parameter estimation method, and neighbor meter voltage impedance method. Then, a single-phase multi-user electricity experiment platform is constructed to collect meter voltage and current data under different states of the meter front line (switch). Finally, the feasibility and adaptability of the three identification methods are evaluated based on experimental data and actual meter data from the distribution area. The study shows that the loop impedance method is only suitable for systems with relatively small loop impedance, requiring the load of the downstream meters to remain unchanged between two measurement instances, which is quite demanding on the data; the impedance parameter estimation method is not affected by system impedance, but its identification results depend on the size and variation of its own load, with a significant deviation between the estimated and actual values; the neighbor meter voltage impedance method is simple and easy to implement, has a wide range of applications, requires less data, and has a low false positive rate, but is only applicable to scenarios with multiple meter positions.

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