基于改进粒子群算法的配电网跨域线路接地故障定位方法

何剑军; 吴龙腾

何剑军,吴龙腾.基于改进粒子群算法的配电网跨域线路接地故障定位方法[J].电测与仪表,2026,63(2):90-101.
HE Jianjun,WU Longteng.Cross-domain grounding fault location method for distribution grid based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm[J].Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation,2026,63(2):90-101.

基于改进粒子群算法的配电网跨域线路接地故障定位方法

Cross-domain grounding fault location method for distribution grid based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm

DOI：10.19753/j.issn1001-1390.2026.02.010

中文关键词: 配电网粒子群算法拓扑结构接地故障

英文关键词:distribution grid, particle swarm optimization, topological structure, ground fault

基金项目:南方电网有限责任公司科技项目（ZDKJXM20220002）

作者中文名	作者英文名	单位
何剑军	HE Jianjun	中国南方电网有限责任公司
吴龙腾	WU Longteng	广东电网有限责任公司

摘要点击次数: 76

中文摘要:

当前配电网因多分段、树状多分支等复杂结构,存在线路接地故障定位耗时长、效率低的问题,以某典型复杂配电网区域为例,其过去一年接地故障率达10次/百公里,传统定位方法平均耗时约25分钟。传统二进制粒子群算法应用于该场景时,因速度更新机制缺乏约束易陷入局部最优、全局寻优受限。且其他方法的单一适应度函数无法兼顾精度与效率,导致定位准确率不足,难以满足实际需求。为此,本文提出基于改进二进制粒子群算法的配电网跨域线路接地故障定位方法。首先,通过构建基于有向图的配电网运行拓扑建立故障判据,实现跨域线路接地故障的区域定位。然后,在区域定位的基础上提出了改进的二进制粒子群算法,通过引入动态自适应的Sigmoid函数对粒子运动速度进行动态限制,有效避免了粒子局部饱和对全局寻优结果的负面影响；同时,基于故障区域信息构建了双适应度函数,其中一个适应度函数侧重于提高定位精度,另一个则关注算法的收敛速度,从而在保证定位准确性的同时显著提高了搜索效率。最后,通过实验对所述方法的有效性进行了验证。实验结果表明,改进的二进制粒子群算法平均误差约为2.5m,较传统PSO降低34.2%,能够有效应用于配电网线路接地故障的定位,为电网的运维及安全稳定运行提供支持。

英文摘要:

At present, due to the complex structure of multi-segment and multi-branch, there are problems of long time-consuming and low efficiency in line grounding fault location. Taking a typical complex distribution network area as an example, the grounding fault rate reached 10 times/100 kilometers in the past year, and the traditional location method took about 25 minutes on average. When the traditional binary particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to this scene, it is easy to fall into local optimization and global optimization is limited because of the lack of constraint of speed update mechanism. Moreover, the single fitness function of other methods can not give consideration to both accuracy and efficiency, which leads to insufficient positioning accuracy and is difficult to meet the actual needs. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of cross-domain line grounding fault location in distribution network based on improved binary particle swarm optimization. Firstly, the fault criterion is established by constructing the distribution network operation topology based on directed graph, and the regional location of cross-domain line grounding fault is realized. Then, an improved binary particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed on the basis of regional positioning. By introducing a dynamic adaptive Sigmoid function to dynamically limit the particle motion speed, the negative influence of particle local saturation on the global optimization result is effectively avoided. At the same time, a dual fitness function is constructed based on the fault area information, in which one fitness function focuses on improving the positioning accuracy and the other focuses on the convergence speed of the algorithm, thus significantly improving the search efficiency while ensuring the positioning accuracy. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the average error of the improved binary particle swarm optimization algorithm is about 2.5m, which is 34.2% lower than that of the traditional PSO, and it can be effectively applied to the location of grounding faults in distribution networks, providing support for the operation and maintenance of power grids and safe and stable operation.

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