GIS局部颗粒放电的里德堡原子传感检测

潘峰; 钟立华; 纪伊琳; 杨雨瑶; 徐浩田; 王理想

潘峰,钟立华,纪伊琳,杨雨瑶,徐浩田,王理想.GIS局部颗粒放电的里德堡原子传感检测[J].电测与仪表,2026,63(1):132-138.
PAN Feng,ZHONG Lihua,JI Yilin,YANG Yuyao,XU Haotian,WANG Lixiang.Rydberg atom sensing-based detection of particle-induced partial discharge in GIS[J].Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation,2026,63(1):132-138.

GIS局部颗粒放电的里德堡原子传感检测

Rydberg atom sensing-based detection of particle-induced partial discharge in GIS

DOI：10.19753/j.issn1001-1390.2026.01.014

中文关键词: 里德堡原子电磁诱导透明 GIS局部放电瞬态电场测量量子传感光纤传感智能电网

英文关键词:Rydberg atom, EIT, GIS partial discharge, transient electric field measurement, quantum sensing, optical fiber sensing, smart grid

基金项目:南方电网公司科技项目GDKJXM20230981

作者中文名	作者英文名	单位
潘峰	PAN Feng	广东电网有限责任公司计量中心, 广东清远 511547;
钟立华	ZHONG Lihua	广东电网有限责任公司计量中心, 广东清远 511547;
纪伊琳	JI Yilin	广东电网有限责任公司计量中心, 广东清远 511547;
杨雨瑶	YANG Yuyao	广东电网有限责任公司计量中心, 广东清远 511547;
徐浩田	XU Haotian	河南许继仪表有限公司, 河南许昌 461000
王理想	WANG Lixiang	河南许继仪表有限公司, 河南许昌 461000

摘要点击次数: 64

中文摘要:

气体绝缘开关设备(gas-insulated switchgear, GIS) 作为现代电力系统的核心组件，其内部局部放电(partial discharge, PD)的精确检测是评估绝缘状态、保障设备可靠性与电网稳定性的关键。然而，传统超高频(ultrahigh frequency, UHF)电磁传感器因金属腔体导致的信号严重衰减(20～40 dB/m)、开窗安装破坏气密性引发SF6泄漏风险以及有限动态范围(60～80 dB)难以覆盖全量程放电等问题，制约了其在GIS状态检修中的实际应用。为突破上述技术瓶颈，创新性地提出一种基于里德堡原子电磁诱导透明(electromagnetically induced transparency, EIT)效应的量子化UHF电场传感方法。所提方法核心优势在于：利用高激发态铯原子(n=72D5/2)的极高电极化率，通过光学读出机制实现本质安全测量；结合852 nm探测光与509 nm泵浦光的双频激光系统及精密锁频技术，构建稳定EIT窗口；设计非金属原子气室天线，首次实现GIS颗粒放电所激发的0.5～3 GHz 频段瞬态脉冲电场的近场探测。首次验证了里德堡原子传感技术对GIS典型缺陷(金属颗粒)放电的有效检测能力，通过量子精密测量为电力设备绝缘在线监测提供了一种高灵敏度、宽频带、本质安全的光纤传感新方案，有望推动状态检修模式向智能化、精准化方向演进，为智能电网建设提供关键技术支撑。

英文摘要:

Accurate detection of internal partial discharge (PD) in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS), a core component of modern power systems, is crucial for assessing insulation condition, ensuring equipment reliability, and maintaining power grid stability. However, the practical application of traditional ultra-high frequency (UHF) electromagnetic sensors in GIS condition-based maintenance faces significant limitations, including severe signal attenuation (20～40 dB/m) caused by the metal enclosure, the risk of SF6 leakage due to compromised airtightness with window-based installation, and a limited dynamic range (60～80 dB) insufficient for covering the full range of discharge magnitudes. To overcome these technical bottlenecks, this paper innovatively proposes a quantum-based UHF electric field sensing method utilizing the Rydberg atomic electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect. The core advantages of this method lie in: leveraging the extremely high electric polarizability of highly excited cesium atoms (n=72D5/2) to achieve intrinsically safe measurement through an optical readout mechanism；establishing a stable EIT window using a dual-frequency laser system (852 nm probe light and 509 nm pump light) combined with precise frequency-locking technology；and designing a non-metallic atomic vapor cell antenna to realize the first near-field sensing of transient pulse electric fields in the 0.5～3 GHz band excited by particle discharge within GIS. This research demonstrates the capability of Rydberg atomic sensing technology to effectively detect discharges from a typical GIS defect (metal particles) for the first time. By employing quantum precision measurement, it provides a novel optical fiber sensing solution characterized by high sensitivity, broadband capability, and intrinsic safety for the online insulation monitoring of power equipment. This approach holds significant promise for advancing condition-based maintenance towards intelligent and precise evolution, offering key supporting technologies for the development of smart grids.

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