The necessity of voltage optimization adjustment and management was expatiated in this paper, the model of the power system voltage optimization adjustment and management was established, according to the characteristics of high voltage power transmission grid, a kind of voltage optimization adjustment and management method was put forward, by adjusting the voltage of the machine, transformer tap and capacitor compensation, or reactive power compensation nodes were increased, to improve the power grid voltage qualified rate and realize the goal that new reactive compensation capacity is the smallest. High voltage power grid voltage optimization adjustment and management method and its calculation process was detailed in this paper. Immune genetic algorithm was programmed and software interface was made to solve combinatorial optimization problem. In addition, the results of immune genetic algorithm and genetic algorithm optimization were compared. The optimization results of example shows that the algorithm has good convergence and robustness. The voltage acceptability can be improved very well, and the new compensation capacity was made to be minimum.