Based on the field failure data of electronic energy meter, black screen fault of single phase smart meter is analyzed by the fault tree analysis method in this paper. Firstly, the causes of black screen of smart meter are grossly classified and analyzed, which after the data statistical analysis and meter structure analysis. Secondly, according to the result of involved unit faults reasons which are located individually, a fault tree model is constructed which based on the analysis and estimation about the system black screen failure. Lastly, through the fault tree qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, the minimum cut-sets of each unit are obtained. And the failure rate of black screen fault and the probability importance of each the minimum cut-set can be calculated. According to those quantity values, it can prioritize these units and find the best program to remove the fault, which can give a basis for smart meter black screen faults detecting, analyzing and locating quickly and accurately.