For complex modeling of traditional transient line fault analysis and low precision of characteristics extraction of transient component,TLS-ESPRIT(Total Least Square- Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotation Invariance Techniques) is used to extract characteristics of transient component of line fault．It can identify parameters of transient component like frequency,amplitude,attenuation coefficient．As its strong anti-noise ability,it can be used to analyze field transient signals and reappear field signals via extracted characteristic parameters．Through simulation,the feasibility of TLS-ESPRIT to extract transient component characteristics when short fault occurs in transmission line is testified．