In order to improve the property of the solar fuel energy system with the distributed battery, the photovoltaic array and SPE electrolytic cell were connected directly in this paper. The calculation methods about the characteristic equation and I-V characteristic curve of the photovoltaic array were presented based on the theoretical analysis of the characteristic photovoltaic array. And the operation effect of the optimization connection between photovoltaic array and the SPE electrolytic cell was researched. Finally, the results showed that the operation efficiency of the direct connection between photovoltaic array and the SPE electrolytic cell could be improved by the rational design of the formation of the photovoltaic array and the SPE electrolytic cell, which could make the output energy character of the photovoltaic array match with the input energy of the SPE electrolytic cell.