In recent years, power pole line theft usually occurs. To conquer the problem of the traditional cable anti-theft system like its poor real-time, false negative and positive in burglar alarm, a new system for power pole line anti-theft alarm system based on Adaboost algorithm STM32 and uCOS II is designed. The alarm system takes the STM32 microprocessor as a core, and equipped with uCOS II operating system, it can collect and process data in real time. Through the Adaboost algorithm to judge the state of line, it sent the result to operation and maintenance personnel by GSM. The practical engineering application shows that the system has good real-time and high reliability, the early warning accuracy rate is achieved 87.5% or more, and alarm accuracy rate can reach 100%, it has practical value to product engineering.