Low-voltage power line carrier communication channel often show strong noise interference, signal attenuation, time-varying strong, directly affect the power line carrier communication range, reduce the reliability of power line carrier communication. In this paper, a power line carrier communication method based on Q learning and improved ant colony system fusion is proposed by analyzing the topology of low voltage power line network. Firstly, the Q search algorithm is used to search the power line network globally to obtain the initial value of the pheromone on each path. Then, the ant colony algorithm is used to obtain the optimal path of the positive feedback mechanism and the improved adaptive adjustment search strategy. In this paper, we can compare the algorithm with two ant system algorithms. The results show that the proposed algorithm can quickly and effectively establish the routing of the master node to each slave node in the network and can be based on changes in the communication channel dynamic maintenance routing, has a strong resistance to destruction and self-healing, improve the reliability of low-voltage power line carrier communication.