Supercapacitors, as a new type of environmental energy storage devices, are more and more widely used in energy recovery system. But its module parameters and charging and discharging characteristics will affect the control performance of the energy storage system. According to the system requirements, this paper calculation and selection of economic type super capacitor module, make the modeling analysis of the charge and discharge characteristics of super capacitor, using the constant current constant voltage charging and variable load discharge mode to build a super capacitor charging and discharging test system based on the braking energy storage system. The experiment verifies the charge/discharge law which the charging current is larger, the charging time is shorter and the discharge current can automatically match the load. Meanwhile, the influence of the current setting value on the discharge law is verified.