Aiming at the transient fault of SUHVStransmissionSlines in power system, a fault analysis method based on transient current is presented in this paper. As EMD decomposition method has good completeness and orthogonality, it can analyze the size of transient energy of fault process through the relative energy coefficient. Therefore, by comparing the relative size of the inherent energy coefficient of transient current of three-phase line at the same time and location, fault phase and type can be identified. After the theoretical analysis and EMTP model construction, the simulation results also indicate that the method can quickly identify the fault nature, which is of guiding significance for the realization of protection function and the logical design of automatic reclosing.