The short-circuit test can evaluate the short-circuit resistance of the transformer, and whether the winding is deformed during the test is an important criterion. The winding state detection technology based on vibration analysis has the advantages of high sensitivity and high working efficiency, but the existing transformer vibration acquisition system cannot meet the requirements of acquisition accuracy and protection standards in the short circuit test. In this paper, a distributed transformer vibration acquisition system is designed. A high-protection level and high-precision local unit is installed in the test room. The collected vibration signal is converted into a digital signal and sent to the main control unit in the control room to avoid the short-circuit test. The harsh electromagnetic environment interferes with the sampling information. In the later stage, the vibration signal can be processed by computer to analyze the health status of the winding. The system has been successfully put into use.