With the popularization of electric vehicles, the overall planning and construction of the charging and replacing facilities network has become an important part of the development of the electric vehicle industry. Considering the charging demand and the power-changing demand as a whole, an electric vehicle charging and replacing demand model based on the travel time and space state chain is proposed. Firstly, by analyzing the process of mutual transition between vehicle travel and stay multi-state, the vehicle travel time chain and space chain feature quantity are defined, and the vehicle state transition matrix is designed. Then, according to various charging and changing modes, and the influence of temperature on the power consumption per unit mileage, the electric vehicle charging and replacing demand model is constructed. Finally, an adaptive hybrid bacterium foraging algorithm is proposed to calculate the selection of multiple charging modes when the vehicle is in charge. The analysis of the example shows that the model can accurately simulate the travel rules of the user, and reflect the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of the charging and replacing requirements of the electric vehicle in the multi-state of driving and staying.