In order to better control, manage and use random distributed renewable energy and loads with large demand fluctuations, the article proposes different control strategies for different converters in the DC microgrid system, and controls the converters through different control strategies. Coordinated operation to ensure the stable operation of the system; at the same time, a cascaded topology is designed to form a hybrid energy storage system based on the complementary characteristics of super capacitors and batteries, which further improves the stability of the system; and divides the system into multiple operating modes. Under the proposed control strategy, the system realizes smooth and stable switching among multiple modes. Finally, a simulation experiment was carried out in MATLAB/Simulink for the output fluctuation and load change of the distributed photovoltaic power supply during operation. The results show that the proposed strategy can effectively suppress the DC bus voltage fluctuation of the system and optimize the operation of hybrid energy storage, improve the reliability and stability of the system, and verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the control strategy.