The adoption of virtual power plants (VPPs) can help small new energy power plants participate in the competition in the electricity wholesale market. In order to solve the problem of maximizing the benefits of virtual power plants under the conditions of pollutant emission limitation and new energy power plant investment cost limitation, this paper proposed a virtual power plant model considering multiple investment scenarios, modeled the renewable energy units included in the virtual power plant respectively, and conducted simulation tests under three different investment scenarios. The results showed that the mixed integer programming model could be used to effectively calculate the changes in the benefits of virtual power plants. Reducing pollutant emissions and limiting investment costs would lead to increased and decreased benefits, respectively. The research in this paper can provide solutions for how to maximize the benefits of virtual power plants under different investment scenarios.