On the basis of the multi-energy complementary operation mode, considering the cooperation stability of various entities, the multi-energy alliance operation mode composed of wind power, photovoltaic, hydropower and thermal power is further proposed. Through the knowledge graph method, the co-occurrence of key words and the development context of the research on multi-energy alliance are analyzed, and the hot spots and shortcomings of the research in this field are discussed. The research framework for the low-carbon operation decision-making method of the multi-energy alliance is established. This framework consists of three main components. Firstly, based on symmetrical information among various entities, the intra-alliance carbon quota sharing mechanism is designed. This mechanism constrains carbon emissions from thermal power generation and increases the share of alliance in the electricity-carbon-green certificate market, leading to substantial low-carbon economic benefits. Secondly, the alliance takes the maximum comprehensive income as the goal to carry out the coordinated optimization operation of electricity-carbon-green certificate, and considers the balance of income distribution of each entity, analyzes the multiple contribution factors of the subject to the alliance income, improves the income distribution method based on shapley value, improves the stability of energy cooperation and operation, and realizes the complementary and efficient operation of multi-energy in the alliance. Thirdly, a multi-energy alliance low-carbon operational decision-making method is established based on DEA, and it involves formulating multi-energy scheduling optimization strategies by examining the changes in alliance operational efficiency indicators. This research can drive the participation of various entities in alliance operations by maximizing cooperative benefits, thereby providing theoretical references for the optimization of low-carbon operations in novel power system.