Box-type substations play an important role in renovation and expansion of power system due to their flexibility and adaptability. As they are usually placed outdoors, environmental temperature and humidity have a significant impact on their working conditions. Taking into account the temperature and humidity control issues of box-type substations, this paper studies a regulation and control method based on temperature and humidity change rate prediction. Firstly, the regulation system structure based on temperature and humidity prediction is discussed, and then a temperature and humidity change rate prediction method based on LSTM model and a regulation mode based on change rate prediction results are proposed for box-type substations. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed method in temperature and humidity control of box-type substations was verified through simulation experiments.