在“双碳”目标背景下，为有效降低虚拟电厂(virtual power plant, VPP)系统中的碳排量及源、荷不确定性对系统经济优化调度的影响，并进一步挖掘电转气（power-to-gas, P2G）过程中氢能的高品位利用，将富氧燃烧碳捕集技术引入虚拟电厂中，建立了考虑信息间隙决策理论（information gap decision theory, IGDT）和富氧燃烧碳捕集技术的虚拟电厂优化调度。首先，分析富氧燃烧碳捕集机组运行原理与能流特性，并建立数学模型；其次，构建富氧燃烧碳捕集机组与P2G协同运行框架，搭建细化两阶段的P2G和热电比可调的氢燃料电池模型，实现P2G过程中氢能高品位利用，减少能量的梯级损耗；然后，引入奖惩阶梯碳交易机制，以系统总运行成本最小为目标建立VPP优化调度模型；接着，利用IGDT构建风险规避和机会寻求策略下的优化调度模型，并调用GUROBI商业求解器进行求解。最后，通过设置不同的方案进行算例验证，结果表明文中所提的方案在考虑富氧燃烧碳捕集技术和源、荷不确定性下能满足VPP低碳经济运行。
英文摘要:
In the context of “dual-carbon” target, in order to effectively reduce the impacts of carbon emissions and source and load uncertainties on the economic optimal dispatching of the virtual power plant (VPP) system, and to further explore the high-grade utilization of hydrogen energy in the process of power-to-gas (P2G), the oxy-fuel combustion carbon capture technology is introduced into the VPP, and the optimal dispatching of the VPP is established by taking into account the information gap decision theory (IGDT) and the oxy-fuel combustion carbon capture technology. Firstly, we analyze the operation principle and energy flow characteristics of the oxy-fuel combustion carbon capture unit and establish a mathematical model. Secondly, we construct a framework for the synergistic operation of the oxy-fuel combustion carbon capture unit and P2G, and build a refined two-stage P2G and a hydrogen fuel cell model with an adjustable thermoelectricity ratio, so as to realize the high-grade utilization of hydrogen energy in the process of P2G, and to reduce the gradient loss of energy; and then, we introduce the reward-punishment laddering carbon trading model, and establish a VPP optimal dispatching model aiming to minimize the total operation cost of the system. The VPP optimal dispatching model is established with the objective of minimizing the cost; then, the optimal dispatching model under the risk aversion and opportunity seeking strategies is constructed using IGDT, and the GUROBI commercial solver is called to solve the problem. Finally, different scenarios are set up for example validation, and the results show that the scheme proposed in this paper can satisfy the low-carbon and economic operation of VPP under the consideration of the oxy-fuel combustion carbon capture technology and the source and load uncertainties.