Abstract: Intensified vibration of the transformer windings can easily lead to mechanical deformation of the windings, thus affecting the safe and stable operation of the equipment and even the power system. Therefore,it is necessary to analyze their vibration characteristics in various conditions. Firstly，based on the mechanics theory of multi-degree-of-freedom system, we establish the winding vibration calculation model and use the vibration mode superposition method to derive the analytical model of the winding vibration.Then, we applied this model to analyze the effects of two typical factors of pre-compression and electromagnetic force on the vibration characteristics of the winding. Taking a 10kV three-phase transformer as an example, the hammer test and the online vibration monitoring test are completed under different working condition. The results show that the pre-compression has a significant effect on the natural frequency and vibration characteristics of the winding. And the amplitude of the vibration frequency component of the winding has a positive correlation with the electromagnetic force. The experimental results verify the validity of the analytical model and provide an important basis for the structure design and state evaluation of the transformer winding.