Aiming at the problem that the action mechanism of the complex environment on the smart energy meter is not clear, with the help of the long-term field operation test in the high humidity and heat environment, the variation law of the measurement error of the smart energy meter with the calendar time is studied, and the current, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, The influence of light and air pressure on the measurement error of electric energy meter, the influence law of electrical and environmental factors on the operation characteristics of electric energy meter is explained by means of the mean value and standard deviation of measurement error, and the evolution law model of measurement error is obtained. By quantifying the influence of electrical and environmental factors on the measurement error of electric energy meters, it is found that the load current is the most important factor affecting the measurement characteristics of electric energy meters, temperature and humidity are the second most important factors affecting the measurement characteristics of electric energy meters, and the influence of wind speed on the measurement characteristics of electric energy meters weakest. The research results have reference value for improving the reliability and stability of smart meters.