为降低区域综合能源系统(regional integrated energy system, RIES)的碳排放、促进可再生能源消纳、优化系统运行成本，提出了碳交易机制下计及电转气(power to gas, P2G)及负荷柔性特征的RIES低碳经济调度策略。建立了阶梯式碳交易机制，两阶段、多模块P2G及柔性电、热、冷负荷的数学模型，并将其纳入RIES优化调度的框架；综合考虑碳交易成本、运行成本、负荷响应成本及弃风/弃光惩罚成本，建立了RIES的多能量耦合、多目标协同的优化调度模型；编制了RIES能量优化调度程序，开展了多种运行方式下的算例研究。结果表明：阶梯式碳交易机制能有效地降低碳排放，碳减排成本增量及微增率可作为配置碳交易机制参数的重要依据；“EL+MR+HFC+储氢罐”的4模块、两阶段精细化模型更准确地反映了P2G的运行特性；负荷侧全要素的柔性调度能够缓解用能高峰时段的供能压力，提升系统的综合运行效益。
英文摘要:
In order to reduce the carbon emission of regional integrated energy system (RIES), promote the consumption of renewable energy and optimize the operating cost of the system, a low-carbon economic dispatch strategy of RIES under the carbon trading mechanism that takes into account the characteristics of power-to-gas (P2G) and load flexibility is proposed. The ladder-type carbon trading mechanism, two-stage and multi-module P2G, and the mathematical model of flexible electricity, heating, and cooling loads have been established, and the aforementioned models are incorporated into the RIES optimization scheduling framework. An optimal scheduling strategy of RIES with multiple energies coupling and multiple objectives coordination optimization is developed, with costs of carbon trading, operation and maintenance, load response and wind/light abandonment being considered. Then, an energy optimal scheduling program is coded and case studies under various operating modes are conducted. The results show that, the stepped carbon trading mechanism can effectively reduce carbon emissions, and the carbon emission reduction cost increment and micro-increase rate can be used as an important basis for configuring the parameters of the carbon trading mechanism. Furthermore, it is shown that the two-stage and four-module of P2G model, also denoted as "EL+MR+HFC+hydrogen storage tank" model, is more accurate than others to simulate the operating characteristics of P2G. Finally, the flexible scheduling of all elements on the comprehensive load can mitigate the energy supply pressure during peak energy consumption periods and consequently improve the comprehensive operation efficiency of the system.