This paper firstly compares the advantages and disadvantages of three kinds of high impedance power transformers, namely split winding, high voltage built-in and series resistance structure. The magnetic leakage distribution of high and low short-circuit and medium short-circuit in high impedance power transformer with split winding is obtained by finite element analysis. The short-circuit ability of the transformer is judged, and the correctness of the research results is proved by short-circuit test. The simulation and test data show that the high-impedance transformer with split winding has a stronger short-circuit resistance than the traditional transformer, although it has some disadvantages such as larger structure size and larger limit tapping impedance change. At the same time, after the test, the change rate of low and medium impedance 0.49% is greater than that of high and medium conditions 0.15%, indicating that even if the high-impedance structure is adopted, the short-circuit resistance of the low-voltage winding is still weaker than that of the high and medium winding, which should be paid attention to in practical applications.